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Explorer Guide 📊 Statistics

METAR & TAF -- Real-Time Aviation Weather Intelligence

Live weather conditions at 1,300+ airports worldwide. Our 9-category scoring engine identifies the most hazardous aviation weather in real time, helping pilots, dispatchers, and aviation enthusiasts stay informed and safe.

Live Weather Statistics Dashboard

Real-time statistical analysis compiled from Worst Weather airport data. Updated automatically every 30 minutes from live METAR observations across 1,300+ airports worldwide.

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📡 What is METAR?

A METAR (METeorological Aerodrome Report) is a standardized weather observation format used at airports worldwide. Issued every 30-60 minutes by certified observers or automated stations, METARs give pilots critical data about visibility, cloud cover, wind, temperature, pressure, and present weather phenomena.

Special reports called SPECI are issued when conditions change significantly between routine reports — for example, a sudden fog bank or thunderstorm arrival.

📝 Example METAR Decoded
LTBA 060850Z 33012G22KT 9999 FEW040 SCT100 12/04 Q1018 NOSIG
LTBAICAO Airport Code (Istanbul Airport)
060850ZDay 06, Time 08:50 UTC (Zulu)
33012G22KTWind from 330° at 12 kt, gusting 22 kt
9999Visibility 10 km or more
FEW040Few clouds at 4,000 ft AGL
SCT100Scattered clouds at 10,000 ft
12/04Temperature 12 °C / Dewpoint 4 °C
Q1018QNH 1018 hPa (altimeter setting)
NOSIGNo significant change expected

📋 What is TAF?

A TAF (Terminal Aerodrome Forecast) predicts weather conditions within 5 nautical miles of an airport. Issued every 6 hours and covering a 24-30 hour period, TAFs include expected changes using keywords like BECMG (becoming), TEMPO (temporary), and PROB (probability).

📝 Example TAF Decoded
TAF LTBA 060500Z 0606/0712 33010KT 9999 SCT040 TEMPO 0609/0614 4000 TSRA BKN025CB
0606/0712Valid from day 06 06Z to day 07 12Z
33010KTWind from 330° at 10 knots
TEMPOTemporarily expected conditions
TSRAThunderstorm with Rain
BKN025CBBroken cumulonimbus at 2,500 ft

✈️ Flight Categories

Weather conditions are classified into four standard flight categories based on ceiling height and visibility. These determine whether pilots fly under Visual or Instrument Flight Rules.

VFR
Visual Flight Rules
Ceiling > 3,000 ft AND Visibility > 5 SM

Excellent conditions. Pilots navigate by visual reference to the ground and horizon.

MVFR
Marginal VFR
Ceiling 1,000-3,000 ft OR Visibility 3-5 SM

Reduced conditions. VFR flight possible but requires extra caution and experience.

IFR
Instrument Flight Rules
Ceiling 500-999 ft OR Visibility 1-3 SM

Low conditions. Instrument rating, IFR flight plan, and ATC clearance required.

LIFR
Low IFR
Ceiling < 500 ft OR Visibility < 1 SM

Dangerous conditions. Only experienced IFR pilots with proper equipment should attempt operations.

🌪️ METAR Weather Phenomenon Codes

Weather phenomena use standardized two-to-four letter codes. Intensity is indicated by prefixes: - light, no prefix = moderate, + heavy.

CodeMeaningCategoryImpact
FGFog (vis < 1000 m)Obscuration🔴 High
BRMist (vis 1000-5000 m)Obscuration🟡 Moderate
HZHazeObscuration🟢 Low
RARainPrecipitation🟡 Moderate
SNSnowPrecipitation🔴 High
DZDrizzlePrecipitation🟢 Low
TSThunderstormConvective⚫ Critical
FZRAFreezing RainIcing⚫ Critical
FZFGFreezing FogIcing⚫ Critical
FZDZFreezing DrizzleIcing🔴 High
GRHailConvective⚫ Critical
SQSquallWind🔴 High
BLSNBlowing SnowObscuration🔴 High
SSSandstormObscuration⚫ Critical
FCFunnel Cloud / TornadoConvective⚫ Critical
SHShowersPrecipitation🟡 Moderate

☁️ Cloud Coverage Codes

Cloud layers are reported using sky-coverage abbreviations followed by the height in hundreds of feet above ground level (AGL).

SKC / CLR
Clear Sky
0/8 oktas
FEW
Few
1-2/8 oktas
SCT
Scattered
3-4/8 oktas
BKN
Broken
5-7/8 oktas
OVC
Overcast
8/8 oktas
💡 Note: Only BKN and OVC layers constitute a ceiling. Cloud heights are in hundreds of feet AGL — e.g., BKN025 = broken clouds at 2,500 ft.

⚠️ Weather Severity Scoring (0-40)

METAR & TAF uses a proprietary 9-category scoring engine to rank airports by weather severity in real time. Each METAR is evaluated across:

1
Flight CategoryVFR→0 · MVFR→2 · IFR→5 · LIFR→8
2
Visibility10 km+ (0) down to <200 m (8 pts)
3
CeilingHigh sky (0) down to <100 ft (6 pts)
4
PhenomenaFog, TS, freezing precip, hail…
5
Wind & GustsSpeed, gusts, crosswind factor
6
Temperature & IcingSub-zero, icing risk, spread
7
PressureAbnormal QNH values
8
TrendNOSIG, BECMG, TEMPO indicators
9
Combo BonusMultiple simultaneous hazards

Airports are ranked from highest to lowest score; the Top 50 form our real-time Worst Weather leaderboard, updated every 30 minutes.

❓ Frequently Asked Questions

What does METAR stand for?

METAR stands for METeorological Aerodrome Report. It is a standardized international format for reporting current weather conditions at airports, used by pilots and air-traffic controllers worldwide. The format is governed by ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) Annex 3.

How often are METARs updated?

Routine METARs are issued every 30 to 60 minutes. Special METARs (SPECI) can be issued at any time when significant changes occur — such as rapid visibility drops, wind shifts, or thunderstorm onset. Our system checks for new data every 10 minutes.

What is the difference between METAR and TAF?

A METAR reports current observed conditions, while a TAF (Terminal Aerodrome Forecast) predicts weather for the next 24-30 hours. Pilots use both: METARs for real-time awareness and TAFs for pre-flight planning and alternate-airport decisions.

What is the Worst Weather ranking?

Our Worst Weather feature scores every METAR on a 0-40 scale across nine hazard categories — flight category, visibility, ceiling, phenomena, wind, icing, pressure, trend, and combo bonus. The 50 airports with the highest scores are displayed in a live leaderboard, refreshed every 30 minutes.

What do VFR, MVFR, IFR, and LIFR mean?

VFR (Visual Flight Rules) — ceiling > 3,000 ft & visibility > 5 SM. MVFR (Marginal VFR) — ceiling 1,000-3,000 ft or visibility 3-5 SM. IFR (Instrument Flight Rules) — ceiling 500-999 ft or visibility 1-3 SM. LIFR (Low IFR) — ceiling < 500 ft or visibility < 1 SM. These categories are color-coded on our map: green, blue, orange, and red respectively.

Where does the weather data come from?

All METAR and TAF data is sourced from the NOAA Aviation Weather Center (aviationweather.gov), the official US government source for aviation weather products. Data is fetched and processed automatically; however, this site is for informational purposes only — always verify with official briefing services before flight.